The mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel (national standard grade S30408) are based on the solution treatment state, adhering to national standards such as GB/T1220-2007 (bar) and GB/T3280-2015 (cold-rolled sheet). The core properties include tensile properties, hardness, impact properties, etc. The specific parameters are as follows:

1. Core mechanical performance parameters (at room temperature, in the solid solution state)

II. The impact of different states on mechanical properties

Solution-treated state

This is the standard supply state of 304 stainless steel. By heating to 1010–1150℃ and rapidly cooling, a uniform austenite structure can be obtained, at which point the plasticity, toughness, and corrosion resistance are optimal. The above parameters are all based on this state.

Cold-worked state

After undergoing cold processing such as cold rolling, cold drawing, and bending, 304 stainless steel will undergo work hardening:

The yield strength and tensile strength are significantly improved (which can be increased to 500–800MPa);

Elongation and reduction of area decrease;

As the hardness increases, a small amount of martensite will precipitate, exhibiting weak magnetism.

Low temperature environmental performance

304 stainless steel exhibits excellent low-temperature toughness. In a liquid nitrogen environment at -196℃, its impact energy remains relatively high, preventing low-temperature brittle fracture. Therefore, it can be used in applications such as low-temperature containers and refrigeration equipment.

III. Application-related key points

When used for kitchen utensils and decorative panels, it is preferable to choose the solid solution state to ensure good forming properties such as bending and stretching;

When used in structural components and fasteners, cold working can enhance their strength to meet the load-bearing requirements;

If no solution treatment is performed after welding, the strength near the weld seam may slightly decrease, but it can still meet the requirements for general scenarios.